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Zioupos P, Hansen U, Currey JD.
J Biomech 2008;41:2932–9.

In this study of the mechanical properties of bone, the authors found that the degree to which bone was brittle or tough depended on the amount of microcracking damage it was able to sustain.

In this study, the authors analyzed the mechanical properties of human cortical bone subjected to different strain rates (0.08 s–1 to 18 s–1). The three properties specifically examined were elasticity, stress, and strain of the bone. The modulus of elasticity showed a general increase in magnitude upon increase in the strain rate. Stress decreased at strain rates >1 s–1 at both the yield point and failure. The strain at yield point was invariant for the strain rates and showed a reduction at rates >10 s–1. The specimens loaded at higher strain rate were brittle whereas the specimens at lower strain rate were tougher. The explanation given by the authors is that at lower strain rates, microcracks develop, which make the bone more compliant to strain, thus conforming to the general rule that the toughness or brittleness of a bone depends on the amount of microcracks it is ableto sustain.

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