Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL),representing approximately 6% of all cases, which is considered incurable with conventional approaches [1]. Known previously as centrocytic [2] or intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma [3], the term MCL was coined in 1992 to describe neoplastic transformation of follicular mantle B cells, small-to-medium in size, and bearing a translocation between the cyclin D1 and immunoglobulin heavy chain loci (t11;14) [4]. Although t11;14 is thought to play a central role in the genesis of MCL, secondary genetic events affecting cell cycle control, response to DNA damage, and cell survival have more recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of MCL (reviewed by Jares and Campo [5]). MCL primarily affects males in the sixth decade of life, and confers a median survival time of <5 years with a continual pattern of relapse [6–9]. However, some patients with MCL may experience a relatively indolent course, and expectant management for subsets of newly diagnosed patients may not worsen their survival [10–12]. Most patients present with stage IV disease at diagnosis, and leukemic or gastrointestinal involvement can be detected in >90% of patients when sensitive methods of detection methods are employed [13–15]. The optimal treatment of MCL remains unknown, and alkylator- and anthracycline-based regimens adopted from other NHL subtypes result in remissions lasting <2 years [16–19]. Recently, relatively high rates of remission and disease control have been achieved using intensive therapy incorporating rituximab, cytarabine, and/or hematopoetic progenitor cell transplantation (HPCT) [20–25].