Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In the US alone, it has been estimated that in 2008, lung cancer accounted for 161840 deaths, and that more patients died from this disease than prostate, colorectal, and breast cancer combined [1]. The majority of lung cancer patients will have NSCLC histology and will present with advanced disease [2–4]. For patients with an adequate performance status (PS), the standard of care is platinum-based chemotherapy [5,6]. However, disease progression is inevitable, necessitating the consideration of subsequent treatment options; for example, among the patients who were enrolled in recent Phase III trials for first-line treatment of NSCLC, approximately 45% proceeded to second-line therapy [7,8]. Patients with a good PS, female gender, and non-squamous cell histology are most likely to benefit from, and therefore receive, second-line therapy, while the full completion of fewer than two cycles of first-line treatment is associated with a decreased likelihood of the patient receiving second-line therapy [9]. Trials of patients with NSCLC undergoing second-line treatment have shown their response rates, and progression-free and overall survival to range from 5–10%, 2–4 months, and 6–8 months, respectively [10–14].