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Editor’s note: Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy (PML) is an untreatable brain infection caused by reactivation of JC polyoma virus (JCV), usually in immunocompromised hosts, and resulting in areas of central nervous system demyelination. PML was seen infrequently before the emergence of AIDS in HIV-infected individuals; however, neurologists have since become more familiar with the presentation and course of the condition.