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Inflammatory Mechanisms 
in Pulmonary Hypertension

Ali Sadoughi, MD1,2, Yinzhong Zhang MD, PhD1, Edmund J Miller, PhD, FRSC1,3,4, and Arunabh Talwar, MD, FCC P1,2,3,4

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is character-ized by vascular cell growth and proliferation, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), right ventricular (RV) failure, and death. PH can be idiopathic or associated with other conditions, including connective tissue diseases, HIV infection, and portal hypertension [1,2]. Patients with PH demonstrate rapid deterioration after diagnosis, with a median length of survival for patients with primary PH of only 2.8 years, and an estimated 5-year survival rate of 21–34% [3,4]. Although previously considered a rare disease, over the past two decades there has been a significant increase in the frequency of diagnosis of PH, possibly due to raised awareness among physicians and/or improved diagnostic methods [5].

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