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Editor’s note: The authors of this detailed article assessed the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on memory. They compared patients with OSA (n=60) with healthy controls who had an Apnea/Hypopnea Index of <5 events per h (n=60). The participants were matched based on age and time spent in education. The latter factor was used as an, perhaps imperfect, indicator of intellectual ability.