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Pathogenesis

Hamilton JP. Dig Dis 2011;29:130–5.

This review article by Hamilton describes the principal mechanisms of epigenetic modifications, the role of epigenetics in health and disease pathogenesis, and how advances in epigenetics research might be harnessed for use in clinical practice.

 

Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene expression that are not attributable to alterations in the sequence of DNA. The predominant epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, modifications to chromatin structure, loss of imprinting, and non-coding RNA effects. Epigenetic modifications are now known to represent a fundamental pathway in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Dietary and environmental influences may modulate epigenetic regulation. This report aimed to provide an introduction to the field of epigenetics, with examples of some studies on this topic.

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