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Calcineurin Pathway Inhibition: A Novel Antifungal Strategy

William J Steinbach, MD

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients [1]. As contemporary medicine has advanced the treatment of life-threatening conditions such as malignancies, organ transplantation, and autoimmune disorders, IFI have become a major complication. Candida spp. constitute the fourth most common pathogen isolated in nosocomial bloodstream infections [2]. At present, cryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii is the most common central nervous system (CNS) fungal infection worldwide, primarily producing disease in immunocompromised patients, but also in apparently normal hosts [3]. The incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) due to Aspergillus fumigatus has increased approximately threefold in the last decade [4], and IA mortality rates have correspondingly risen by >300% [5]. 


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